{
  "country": "Egypt",
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-001",
      "institution": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre",
      "title": "Historic Cairo",
      "type": "Official / Heritage",
      "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/89",
      "supports": [
        "medieval caravanserais and commercial hospitality infrastructure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-002",
      "institution": "Smithsonian Libraries",
      "title": "American Travelers in Egypt, 1870–1903",
      "type": "Museum / Primary-source interpretation",
      "url": "https://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/nile-notes/intro.htm",
      "supports": [
        "Thomas Cook Nile excursions in the late 1860s",
        "growth of American tourism to Egypt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-003",
      "institution": "Oxford Academic / Manchester University Press",
      "title": "Tea on the Terrace: Hotels and Egyptologists' Social Networks, 1885–1925",
      "type": "Academic",
      "url": "https://academic.oup.com/manchester-scholarship-online/book/46424/chapter-abstract/406121432",
      "supports": [
        "Cairo hotels as social and scientific-network hubs",
        "Shepheard's, Continental, Hotel du Nil and Mena House"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-004",
      "institution": "American University in Cairo Rare Books",
      "title": "The Story of a Historic Hostelry: Shepheard's Cairo (1934)",
      "type": "Archive / Historic publication",
      "url": "https://digitalcollections.aucegypt.edu/digital/collection/p15795coll11/id/3455/",
      "supports": [
        "historic Shepheard's Hotel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-005",
      "institution": "Bibliotheca Alexandrina",
      "title": "Memory and Future of History — Shepheard Hotel",
      "type": "Library / Historical",
      "url": "https://www.bibalex.gov.eg/Attachments/Publications/Files/2016070310521485328_awrak2Memoryfutureofhistory.pdf",
      "supports": [
        "Shepheard's as a Cairo institution and social hub"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-006",
      "institution": "Journal of Tourism Management / ScienceDirect",
      "title": "The rise of popular tourism in the Holy Land: Thomas Cook and John Mason Cook's enterprise skills",
      "type": "Academic",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517719300974",
      "supports": [
        "Thomas Cook first escorted Egypt/Palestine party in 1869",
        "development of Nile transit and organized tourism"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-007",
      "institution": "Dictionary of National Biography (1901 supplement)",
      "title": "Cook, Thomas (1808–1892)",
      "type": "Historic reference",
      "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_1901_supplement/Cook%2C_Thomas_%281808-1892%29",
      "supports": [
        "Cook appointed government passenger agent on the Nile",
        "Cairo office 1873",
        "Luxor hotel 1877",
        "Nile steamer services"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-008",
      "institution": "Accor",
      "title": "Sofitel Winter Palace Luxor — Hotel History",
      "type": "Operator / Property",
      "url": "https://all.accor.com/hotel/1661/index.en.shtml",
      "supports": [
        "Winter Palace built 1886",
        "hotel rather than royal residence"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-009",
      "institution": "Mandarin Oriental",
      "title": "The Old Cataract, Aswan — A Storied Legacy",
      "type": "Operator / Property",
      "url": "https://www.mandarinoriental.com/en/aswan/old-cataract/about",
      "supports": [
        "Old Cataract built 1899",
        "built by Thomas Cook",
        "connection with Nile cruises and Cairo-Aswan railway"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-010",
      "institution": "Marriott International",
      "title": "Marriott Family History — Cairo Marriott / Gezira Palace",
      "type": "Operator / Corporate history",
      "url": "https://www.marriott.com/en-gb/culture-and-values/marriott-family-history.mi",
      "supports": [
        "Cairo Marriott opened 1982",
        "central section was Gezira Palace built 1869"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-011",
      "institution": "Cairo Governorate",
      "title": "Zamalek District — Gezira Palace",
      "type": "Official local history",
      "url": "https://cairo.gov.eg/en/culture/cairo-history/cairo-neighborhoods/zamalek/",
      "supports": [
        "Gezira Palace linked to Suez Canal celebrations",
        "later Omar Khayyam hotel and Cairo Marriott"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-012",
      "institution": "Oxford University Press Blog",
      "title": "An Englishman's fascination for Egypt's grand hotels",
      "type": "Scholarly editorial",
      "url": "https://blog.oup.com/2012/03/egypt-grand-hotels/",
      "supports": [
        "Shepheard's expansion",
        "Mena House and San Stefano in the grand-hotel landscape"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-013",
      "institution": "Ahram",
      "title": "The Continental and George Nungovich",
      "type": "Historic press / Secondary",
      "url": "https://gate.ahram.org.eg/daily/NewsPrint/639883.aspx",
      "supports": [
        "George Nungovich hotel career",
        "Continental/Savoy transformation",
        "San Stefano connection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-014",
      "institution": "Samir Raafat / egy.com",
      "title": "The Baehler Skyline",
      "type": "Specialist secondary",
      "url": "https://www.egy.com/zamalek/99-10-28.php",
      "supports": [
        "Charles Baehler career",
        "Egyptian Hotels Ltd and Upper Egypt Hotels Ltd",
        "network of major Egyptian hotels"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-015",
      "institution": "Samir Raafat / egy.com",
      "title": "Mena House: Khedivial Hunting Lodge Turned Hotel",
      "type": "Specialist secondary",
      "url": "https://www.egy.com/giza/97-04-03.php",
      "supports": [
        "Mena House royal-lodge-to-hotel transformation",
        "Egyptian Hotels Company management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-016",
      "institution": "Samir Raafat / egy.com",
      "title": "Adieu San Stefano",
      "type": "Specialist secondary",
      "url": "https://www.egy.com/landmarks/99-01-08.php",
      "supports": [
        "San Stefano construction 1886–1887",
        "Boghos Nubar Pasha connection",
        "Egyptian Hotels Company"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "HOS-EGY-017",
      "institution": "Heritage & Museums / Egypt",
      "title": "Semiramis InterContinental — A Century of Heritage",
      "type": "Industry heritage publication",
      "url": "https://www.hemag-eg.com/storage/online-magazines/December2025/AC0VJx31ngykgE9ch2ZG.pdf",
      "supports": [
        "Semiramis Hotel opened 1907",
        "winter-season luxury and elite guests"
      ]
    }
  ]
}