Canada: residences and visits

Thomas MacKay built the original villa in 1838 for his family. Since 1867, Rideau Hall has served as the official residence of Canada’s governors general. Its transformation from a private house into a setting for public ceremony illustrates the changing role of the Crown’s representative. Later additions include the Tent Room, built in 1876–1878, and the Minto Wing of 1898–1899. The record concerns the residence, not every separate building on the estate.

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The governor general’s residence occupies a building within the Citadelle overlooking the St Lawrence River. It has served as the second official residence and workplace of Canada’s governors general since 1872. Its interest lies in the coexistence of residential and ceremonial functions within a military setting. This entry identifies the residence rather than treating the entire fortress as a palace. A visit to the military site and a tour of the residence are different experiences.

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The present Government House opened on 19 May 1959. It is the third Government House on this site since 1865, so the history of its predecessors must not be assigned wholesale to the surviving building. The residence and office of the lieutenant governor combine provincial ceremony with a landscaped estate. The house broadly follows the earlier Rattenbury and Maclure design. Gardens and woodland form an important part of the visitor experience, independently of interior admission.

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Built in 1826 for New Brunswick’s governors and lieutenant governors, Government House belongs to the institutional history of the Crown’s provincial representatives. Its significance is residential and governmental, rather than that of a private royal family seat. The provincial visitor information distinguishes the grounds from the house: the estate can be enjoyed outdoors, while tours require checking with the operator. A detailed room-by-room and ownership chronology remains to be researched.

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The manor was the home of Louis-Joseph Papineau, politician and seigneur of Petite-Nation. Its four-towered silhouette expresses the standing of a landholder whose public career and estate management intersected here. This is a seigneurial residence, not a royal palace, and seigneurial tenure alone should not be translated into a hereditary noble title. Parks Canada interprets the house and associated estate buildings. Interior access is through guided visits rather than free circulation.

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Sir John Wentworth promoted a new residence after finding his Halifax accommodation unsuitable on arrival in 1792. The resulting Georgian house drew on the English country-house model, with balanced windows, hipped roofs and flanking chimneys. Its construction brought together materials from across Nova Scotia. Later furnishings and modern services changed the interiors; the present rooms are not an untouched original ensemble. The official account records a three-year renovation completed in November 2009 at a cost of 6.25 million Canadian dollars.

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Governor Thomas Cochrane selected the site and directed changes to the design of the new residence, completed in 1831. It replaced earlier gubernatorial accommodation rather than extending the same building. The central block and lower side wings use red sandstone from Signal Hill with Portland-stone trim. The official history gives an initial estimate of £8,778 and a final construction cost of £36,000. These are historical figures, not present-day valuations. The working residence retains ceremonial rooms on the main floor.

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Government House opened on 7 October 1913, with George H. V. Bulyea the first of six resident lieutenant governors. It served as a viceregal home until 1938, when financial and political pressures ended that use. A documented stay by the Prince of Wales, later Edward VIII, occurred in 1919; this does not make him its owner. The house subsequently had other institutional uses. Today, historical furnishings and a Canadian art collection help explain a residence whose role changed with provincial politics.

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Built in 1891, Government House served as a lieutenant governor’s residence and office until 1945. Its subsequent uses included veterans’ convalescence and adult education. Restoration began in 1978 and the museum opened in 1980. The interpreted interiors evoke Amédée Forget’s tenure, 1898–1910, rather than preserving every room unchanged from 1891. The lieutenant governor’s office returned to the north wing in 1984. Museum interpretation and continuing official use therefore coexist within the building.

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Built in 1883, the residence at 10 Kennedy Street was transferred from Canada to Manitoba in 1885 for one dollar, with its residential purpose specified. The mansard-roofed house developed through successive alterations. A ballroom added for the Duke and Duchess of York’s 1901 visit was replaced in 1960; the state dining room dates from 1908. The official account gives approximately 20,000 square feet including associated additions. These figures describe the property as documented, not its unchanged original footprint.

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Fanningbank was built in 1834 as the residence of Prince Edward Island’s lieutenant governors. The large timber-framed house uses a Georgian architectural vocabulary and remains associated with the provincial representative of the Crown. Canada’s heritage register records Queen Elizabeth II’s stay in 1959. A royal visit is evidence of temporary occupancy, not private royal ownership. The grounds and the residential interior have distinct visitor arrangements, reflecting the house’s continuing official role.

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This record concerns the replacement villa built in 1863, not the earlier Spencer Wood house destroyed in 1860. The later building became a setting for Quebec’s viceregal household and ceremonial life. Fire destroyed it on 21 February 1966, killing Lieutenant Governor Paul Comtois. The villa was never rebuilt; a hedge now evokes its outline. Its interiors therefore belong to documentary history, while the surviving public park offers a landscape visit rather than a tour of palace rooms.

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Claude de Ramezay commissioned this stone residence in 1705 after becoming governor of Montréal. Completed in spring 1706, it housed his family until his death in 1724. His widow subsequently rented it to Intendant Gilles Hocquart for use in Montréal. The building’s later institutional and museum history means that today’s displays should not be read as an intact household left by the governor. Its residential origin and documented political occupants establish its place in this catalogue.

Claude de Ramezay

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The Quebec heritage register dates the house to 1734, with substantial enlargement before 1755. It identifies the estate with Jean Mauvide. An archived deed dated 21 November 1752 records his purchase of lands and seigneurial rights in the parishes of Saint-Pierre and Saint-Laurent. The manor therefore connects domestic architecture with documented territorial administration. Its present museum interiors include restoration and reconstruction; they should not be described as an untouched eighteenth-century household.

Jean Mauvide

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The house originated with Timothy Donohue on land conceded in 1829. Alexandre Fraser bought it in 1834 and made it his seigneurial home. Later generations reshaped the property; the provincial register records William Fraser’s enlargement campaign in 1888. The museum presents a family residence that changed over time, not a single frozen construction date. Its history also offers a way to understand the relationship between a seigneurial household and the development of Rivière-du-Loup.

Alexandre Fraser

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Thomas Edmund Campbell acquired the earlier Hertel de Rouville manor in 1844. Between 1853 and 1860 he incorporated it into a Tudor-inspired residence designed by Frederick Lawford. Red brick, tall chimneys and an irregular roofline express the transition from seigneurial headquarters to landscaped country villa. The artist Jordi Bonet acquired the property in 1969 and established his studios here. Its later hotel use is part of the building’s history, but must not be confused with confirmed current accommodation.

Thomas Edmund Campbell

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Pierre-Gustave Joly built Maple House at Pointe Platon in 1851. The summer residence belongs to the history of the Joly de Lotbinière seigneurial family, including Henri-Gustave, later a premier of Quebec and lieutenant-governor of British Columbia. The house was enlarged around 1880. Its galleries and river setting were integral to a country retreat whose gardens became a major attraction. The manor now offers museum interpretation; a garden visit should not be taken to mean that every domestic room retains its original furnishings.

Pierre-Gustave Joly

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Amable Dionne bought the seigneury in 1837 and initiated the manor project. Completed in 1853, a year after his death, the house passed to Paschal-Amable Dionne. Its broad galleries and landscaped setting express nineteenth-century country-house taste. The manor and working mill explain different sides of the estate: family residence and seigneurial production. They are separate buildings; this entry concerns the residence, while the mill is a related visitor attraction.

Paschal-Amable Dionne

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The residence originated around 1668 for Jacques Leneuf de La Poterie, seigneur and sometime acting governor of Trois-Rivières. François Châtelain transformed and lengthened the house in 1729, replacing its earlier structure with stone masonry. Later occupants included Joseph Boucher de Niverville, a military officer associated with the fief. Restoration in 1972 recovered lost architectural features. The low stone building and steep roof are therefore historical fabric shaped by several campaigns, not an untouched seventeenth-century interior.

Joseph Boucher de Niverville

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Charles-Auguste-Maximilien Globensky commissioned Henri-Maurice Perrault to design this residence, built in 1861–1865. His marriage to Virginie Lambert-Dumont connected him with the seigneurial family of Rivière-du-Chêne. Although constructed after the abolition of seigneurial tenure, the house preserves that family connection. Fire led to rebuilding in 1901; the columned porch was added around 1930. The museum inside explores local history, rather than presenting every room as Globensky’s original domestic interior.

Charles-Auguste-Maximilien Globensky

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The manor developed in successive stages under the seigneurs of Mascouche, including the Pangman family. Hazel Kemp Colville transformed it in the twentieth century into a French-inspired country house. The municipality acquired the property in 2015, but demolished the manor on 16 November 2020 following a fire-safety report. This record concerns that lost residential building. The surviving mill, miller’s house and the public park are related places, not a surviving palace or a replacement identity for the demolished manor.

Hazel Kemp Colville

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René Godefroy de Tonnancour and Marguerite Ameau built a house here in 1723–1725, combining family accommodation with commercial storage. Their son Louis-Joseph inherited it. Fire damaged the upper floors in 1784; Pierre-Louis Deschenaux and Marie-Josephte Perreault acquired and rebuilt it from 1795. The present form thus includes surviving fabric and later reconstruction. Subsequent military and ecclesiastical uses changed its role, and the Galerie d’art du Parc moved here in 1981. Today the interior serves contemporary art rather than a complete period-room display.

René Godefroy de Tonnancour

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The château was the residential seat of French and then British governors above the St Lawrence. Frontenac’s enlargement, completed in 1723, incorporated earlier residential fabric. Repairs followed the bombardment of 1759, and James Craig later remodelled the residence in Palladian taste. Fire destroyed it in 1834. Archaeological remains beneath Dufferin Terrace reveal service spaces and the organisation of a governor’s household. This entry concerns the château and its surviving remains; it does not combine the separate Château Haldimand or the modern Château Frontenac hotel into the same building.

James Craig

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Built in 1911–1915 to designs by Francis R. Heakes, Chorley Park gave Ontario’s lieutenant-governor a residence in the style of a French Renaissance château. Its official residential use ended in 1937. Some chandeliers and purpose-made furniture were transferred to Queen’s Park, preserving fragments of the interior beyond the building itself. The mansion was demolished in 1961. The public park that occupies the site is a later use of the grounds, not a surviving palace.

Francis R. Heakes

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Architect Frederic William Cumberland built Pendarves as his own Italianate house, completed in 1860. It later provided temporary accommodation for Ontario’s lieutenant-governors while Chorley Park was being finished, in 1912–1915. The University of Toronto acquired it in 1923. A 1966 restoration formed another stage in a building repeatedly adapted for university use. The university’s historical account describes its staircase and stained-glass dome; those features do not establish a public house-museum route.

John Gibson

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This Government House was a new building on the former Elmsley House site at King and Simcoe streets. Completed in 1870, it combined red brick and stone with a mansard roof, a carriage entrance and a conservatory adjoining the dining room. Ontario’s lieutenant-governors used it until 1912, before moving temporarily to Pendarves. Sources disagree about demolition: the lieutenant-governor’s history gives 1915, while Toronto Metropolitan University’s archival study documents dismantling in summer 1912. The discrepancy remains explicit rather than being silently resolved.

William Pearse Howland

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Castle Frank was the Simcoe family’s small secondary residence above the Don River, named for their son Francis. Elizabeth Simcoe’s diary records journeys between the garrison and the house, as well as the selection of its wooded site. Despite its name, it was a two-room log house rather than a fortified castle. The building burned in 1829 after years without regular occupation. Its inclusion rests on documented use by Upper Canada’s lieutenant-governor, not on the grandness of the name.

Elizabeth Simcoe

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Governor Frederick Haldimand commissioned this building in the 1780s as a residential and administrative centre. The Goethe-Institut dates construction to 1784–1786; Haldimand himself returned to Europe during this period, so commissioning the building should not be confused with proven residence in the completed château. It was demolished in 1892 and replaced on the site by Château Frontenac. That hotel is a different physical building, not a converted Haldimand palace. Château Saint-Louis nearby was also a distinct residence.

Frederick Haldimand

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Charles de Saint-Ours commissioned the present manor in 1792, replacing an earlier residence in the history of the estate. Initially combining a seigneur’s home and office, it was enlarged and rearranged in 1845, then raised by a storey in 1870. Galleries, balconies and the hipped roof gave it the character of a country villa.

Charles de Saint-Ours

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Claude Dénéchau acquired the estate in 1811 and built a new residence in 1813. An older manor from 1720 was attached and used as a kitchen; it was a separate earlier building, not the construction date of Dénéchau’s new house. Later uses included an inn serving sailors. After prolonged decay, fire destroyed the manor in 1991. The protected site retains a chimney and scattered masonry, but the published summary does not assign every surviving fragment to a particular building phase.

Claude Dénéchau

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The first manor at Montmorency Falls was built in 1781 for Governor Haldimand. Prince Edward, later Duke of Kent, stayed here during the 1791–1794 period. The residence subsequently became part of a commercial estate and later a hotel. Fire in 1993 ended the historic building’s life; the present manor is a reconstruction. This entry concerns the earlier residence, while the modern visitor facilities are described as its successor on the site, not as surviving eighteenth-century rooms.

Prince Edward, Duke of Kent

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The provincial register dates construction from 1765 and identifies John Hale, Elizabeth Frances Amherst (Elizabeth Hale) and Honoré Mercier as occupants. This record concerns the historic manor and its surviving fabric, rather than the entire seigneurie founded in 1667. The operator documents a 1927 fire and a new pavilion built within the ruins in 2020: the events room is therefore a modern intervention, not an intact eighteenth-century interior. The municipal exhibition examines seigneurial power and the people whose lives shaped the estate. Madeleine de Verchères belongs to the wider estate history; her name alone does not establish occupancy of this later building.

John Hale · Elizabeth Frances Amherst (Elizabeth Hale) · Honoré Mercier

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Built in 1741 by Michel Huet dit Dulude for François-Pierre Boucher de Boucherville, this stone residence housed three successive seigneurs: François-Pierre, René-Amable and Pierre-Amable. Its steep roof and firewalls express the influence of urban architecture on a country seat. Alterations in 1841 introduced a marble fireplace and decorative mouldings. The house was divided into two dwellings in 1914 and later restored. The provincial record identifies this building at 468–470 boulevard Marie-Victorin; it must not be merged with other Boucher family houses solely because their names resemble one another.

François-Pierre Boucher de Boucherville

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Charles de Sabrevois, seigneur of the Sabrevois sub-fief, had this manor built in 1735–1736. The Boucher de la Broquerie family acquired it in 1780. Alexandre-Antonin Taché later owned it and transferred it to the Jesuits in 1887, beginning its institutional use. Fire destroyed the villa in 1971; foundations and part of a gable remain. The heritage register explicitly corrects an older confusion with Pierre Boucher’s first manor of 1668. These are the remains of the Sabrevois residence, with later additions, not that earlier house.

Charles de Sabrevois

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Originally the home of Chief Justice John Elmsley, this house became a government residence in 1815. A Parks Canada architectural study describes a two-storey timber building with a kitchen wing and verandahs. Stucco was applied in 1836; John Howard designed a ballroom addition in 1838. The lieutenant governor’s office names Francis Gore, Peregrine Maitland, John Colborne, Francis Bond Head and George Arthur among its residents. Destroyed in 1862, it preceded the separate Government House occupied in 1870 on the same site. Elmsley Villa, used by Lord Elgin in 1849–1851, was another residence and is not merged into this record.

John Elmsley — Chief Justice

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Captain Robert Pilkington designed this single-storey, U-shaped government residence in 1800. Its occupants included Peter Hunter, Alexander Grant, Francis Gore, Isaac Brock and Roger Hale Sheaffe. It was destroyed during the American attack on York in 1813. The house belongs to the earlier history of the present fort site: surviving military buildings must not be presented as its intact residential rooms. An archaeological investigation using ground-penetrating radar and exploratory trenches examined the former Government House site in 2011; the report provides a building-specific research source alongside the official history.

Robert Pilkington · Peter Hunter

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In 1792 John Graves Simcoe adapted one building within the Navy Hall military establishment as his residence at Upper Canada’s first capital. It subsequently became an officers’ dining hall and was destroyed during the War of 1812. This record follows that residential building, not every structure bearing the Navy Hall name. The surviving hall is a different, post-war commissariat storehouse dated 1815–1817. Its present stone exterior largely reflects work in 1937. It is therefore misleading to describe the surviving building as Simcoe’s preserved home.

John Graves Simcoe

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The Earl of Elgin lived at Elmsley Villa as governor general in 1849–1851. A Parks Canada architectural study dates the villa to 1839, attributes its design to James Smith and identifies Colonel John Simcoe Macaulay as its client. It describes landscaped grounds and verandahs facing north and east. The trustees of Knox College acquired the building in 1854 and added student accommodation; it was demolished in 1921. Municipal accounts differ over its early commissioning, so that attribution remains source-specific. This villa is distinct from Elmsley House at King and Simcoe streets and from the neighbouring Cloverhill estate.

Earl of Elgin

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Beverley House belonged to the family of Chief Justice Sir John Beverley Robinson and temporarily accommodated Lord Sydenham in 1839–1840, according to the lieutenant governor’s official history. Its domestic life is unusually well documented: the Art Gallery of Ontario holds Charles Walker Robinson’s album of photographs, correspondence and household inventories assembled in 1912. These records trace possessions and their dispersal rather than a preserved museum interior. The official overview dates demolition to 1912; the gallery’s archival finding aid gives 1913. Both dates are retained as an unresolved discrepancy. This Toronto residence is not the similarly named Robinson house in New York.

Sir John Beverley Robinson — Chief Justice · Lord Sydenham

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Peter Russell, administrator of Upper Canada in 1796–1799, lived here with his half-sister Elizabeth. Toronto’s heritage report dates their timber house to 1797. Elizabeth inherited it after Peter’s death in 1808 and remained until her death in 1822, when the property passed to Phoebe Wilcocks. Later uses included a school and an immigration agency. By the 1850s the Truss family, Black shoemakers, lived and worked in the house. A fire destroyed it in 1856. Its history therefore extends beyond the administrator’s household to education, migration and working life. Despite its name, the entry concerns a domestic residence, not a religious abbey.

Peter Russell · Elizabeth Russell

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This house was built for Jacques-Alexis Delisle between 1762 and 1788, long after Portneuf became a barony in 1681. Its later seigneurial role is the reason for inclusion: Mathew MacNider leased the barony from the Ursulines in 1801 and established an office here to manage business and receive tenants. The surviving house must not be presented as the first baron’s seventeenth-century home. Later known as Manoir Langlois, it was owned by Marie-Joséphine Sandfield Macdonald from 1897 until 1929. Subsequent inn use and subdivision into apartments were followed by restoration as a single-family residence.

Mathew MacNider · Marie-Joséphine Sandfield Macdonald

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Jean-Baptiste Couillard-Dupuy, seigneur on the right bank of the Rivière-du-Sud, commissioned this residence. The municipality dates it to 1798, while the provincial register uses approximately 1800. The timber manor was built in stages, with an eastern addition around 1835. Its steep roof and small-paned windows retain the character of an older French building tradition. Interior modernization means that the museum should not be described as an untouched seigneurial household. Since 1992 it has housed the Musée de l’accordéon. A protected bread oven stands separately: it is an associated service structure, not a second residence in this catalogue.

Jean-Baptiste Couillard-Dupuy

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Built in 1834–1835 by Isaac Dorion to Michel Patry’s design, this stone manor served as Édouard Larue’s residence and office. Its elevated position overlooking Neuville and the Saint Lawrence made the seigneur’s social position visible in the village landscape. A long front gallery shelters beneath the projecting roof. Later subdivision into dwellings and rear additions altered its domestic organization. Sources disagree over when Larue acquired the seigneurie: the regional inventory gives 1828, while the local historical society traces succession through his wife Adélaïde in 1832. The construction dates are better established than that ownership chronology.

Édouard Larue · Michel Patry · Isaac Dorion

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The Sulpicians built this manor in 1804 alongside a mill and grain store. Its role needs qualification: the miller was the principal resident, while the seigneurial bursar stayed periodically to collect dues. Even after selling the estate in 1876, the Sulpicians reserved annual lodging rights; they finally left in 1911. This is therefore a residence connected to ecclesiastical seigneurial administration, not a royal palace or an aristocratic family seat. The stone house was altered during the nineteenth century. The separate grain store is not counted as another residence. A provincial restoration grant to Mirabel in 2021 documents continued public investment in its conservation.

Sulpicians — Belle-Rivière

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The Canadian heritage register dates the oldest part of this stone house to 1660–1667; other regional descriptions give later dates, so the range is attributed rather than treated as an uncontested year of completion. The elongated house grew through successive extensions beneath a steep hipped roof. Its seigneurial status was brief: Charles Aubert de La Chesnaye and Charles Bazire obtained a fief for their land in 1677, but it returned to the Beaupré seigneurie in 1694. The names of these landowners explain Charleville; they do not establish continuous personal residence by either man. Later alterations belong to the same evolving house.

Charles Aubert de La Chesnaye · Charles Bazire

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The house predates the Allsopp family’s ownership. Built in the middle of the eighteenth century, it belonged to François Pichet when French forces used it as a headquarters and hospital during the conflict around Fort Jacques-Cartier. George Waters Allsopp and his brother Robert acquired it in 1830; it then served as a manor for the seigneurs of Jacques-Cartier and Auteuil. The regional inventory records alterations in 1831 and a northern addition around 1925. This entry counts the residential building, not the entire military site or its earthworks. Its military and seigneurial functions belong to different phases of its history.

George Waters Allsopp · Robert Allsopp

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Cary Castle began in 1859 as George Hunter Cary’s private house. The colonial government acquired it in 1865 for the Governor of Vancouver Island; after Confederation in 1871 it housed British Columbia’s lieutenant governors. Fire destroyed the building in May 1899. This record concerns that first house, not the later residences erected on the same estate. Its history shows the conversion of a private property into a seat of Crown representation.

George Hunter Cary

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Francis Rattenbury and Samuel Maclure designed the replacement for Cary Castle. Opened in 1903, this second Government House served for 54 years before the fire of 15 April 1957. Its stone porte-cochère survived and was retained in the successor residence, opened in 1959. Parks Canada treats the estate as a cultural landscape: gardens, service buildings and the continuity of vice-regal use matter alongside the main house. The surviving entrance does not make the 1903 and 1959 residences interchangeable.

Francis Rattenbury · Samuel Maclure

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The Hudson’s Bay Company governor’s house at Upper Fort Garry became Manitoba’s first Government House in 1870, when Adams George Archibald used it as his official residence. This was a transition from company government to provincial authority, rather than a newly built palace. The house, also known as McTavish House, remained the official residence until the move to Kennedy Street in 1883, although Archibald also used Silver Heights. The Manitoba Historical Society dates its demolition to 1888. The surviving Governor’s Gate belongs to the fort, not to a preserved residential interior.

Adams George Archibald

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Government House combined the lieutenant governor’s residence with territorial offices and council chambers. David Laird lived here, and Battleford served as the seat of territorial government until 1883. The provincial heritage statement dates construction to 1876–1877; the federal register lists 1878–1879. These differing dates are retained rather than merged into a false precision. After government use, the building became an industrial residential school for First Nations children, part of federal assimilation policy, and later housed religious institutions. A June 2003 fire left foundations and a chimney. This is distinct from the commanding officer’s house at Fort Battleford.

David Laird

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Built in 1755 during Charles Lawrence’s governorship, this mansion succeeded Halifax’s small prefabricated governor’s house of 1749. John Wentworth later considered it unsuitable and pressed for a replacement in the southern suburbs. The Nova Scotia Archives dates demolition to 1800. The surviving Government House is a different building.

Charles Lawrence

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The first governor’s residence at Fredericton was built in 1787 and destroyed by fire in 1825, according to Parks Canada. The present Old Government House replaced it in 1828. The distinction matters when reading the estate’s long history: the surviving Palladian residence and its interiors belong to the replacement, not to this eighteenth-century house.

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Silver Heights was a separate house from Government House at Upper Fort Garry. Associated with John Rowand Jr., it was used by Lieutenant Governor Adams George Archibald in 1871, whose letters identify it as Government House. Later owned by Donald Alexander Smith, it became a centre of hospitality; the Marquis of Lorne visited in 1881. Manitoba’s Historic Resources Branch records its destruction by fire on 24 November 1892. Later estate gates commemorate the property but are not surviving residential rooms.

John Rowand Jr.

• www.mhs.mb.ca — 1
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• www.winnipeg.ca — 3
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Halifax’s first governor’s house was a small, single-storey building assembled from a frame and materials brought from Boston. The governor moved in during early October 1749. It preceded the larger mansion erected in 1755. The provincial archive’s illustrated page shows the later house: that image must not be used as a portrait of the 1749 building. The exact date of this first house’s removal is not established by the cited account.

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Richard Edwards and his family moved into the Fort Townshend summer residence in 1781. The two-storey, slate-roofed house served successive governors until 1831. Additions and poor maintenance made it difficult to heat. A 1971 provincial government account places its demolition in the 1830s. It is distinct from the present Government House and from the temporary Stripling residence.

Richard Edwards

• www.govhouse.nl.ca — 1
• dai.mun.ca — 2

Governor Richard Edwards occupied John Stripling’s house in summer 1779 while the planned Fort Townshend residence was unfinished. The official history describes an oak-framed dwelling, destroyed in the Great Fire of 1892. Its inclusion rests on documented gubernatorial occupation, not on the owner’s social status.

John Stripling

• www.govhouse.nl.ca — 1